Apports qualitatifs de l'étude de cas en enseignement/apprentissage à distance

Peer reviewe

Pseudo-distances on symplectomorphism groups and applications to flux theory

Starting from a given norm on the vector space of exact 1-forms of a compact symplectic manifold, we produce pseudo-distances on its symplectomorphism group by generalizing an idea due to Banyaga. We prove that in some cases (which include Banyaga's construction), their restriction to the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group is equivalent to the distance induced by the initial norm on exact 1-forms. We also define genuine "distances to the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group" which we use to derive several consequences, mainly in terms of flux groups.Comment: 21 pages, no figure; v2. various typos corrected, some references added. Published in Mathematische Zeitschrif

Growth characteristics and lipid distribution in two lines of chicken selected for low or high abdominal fat

International audienc

Systematic-free inference of the cosmic matter density field from SDSS3-BOSS data

We perform an analysis of the three-dimensional cosmic matter density field traced by galaxies of the SDSS-III/BOSS galaxy sample. The systematic-free nature of this analysis is confirmed by two elements: the successful cross-correlation with the gravitational lensing observations derived from Planck 2018 data and the absence of bias at scales $k \simeq 10^{-3}-10^{-2}h$ Mpc$^{-1}$ in the a posteriori power spectrum of recovered initial conditions. Our analysis builds upon our algorithm for Bayesian Origin Reconstruction from Galaxies (BORG) and uses a physical model of cosmic structure formation to infer physically meaningful cosmic structures and their corresponding dynamics from deep galaxy observations. Our approach accounts for redshift-space distortions and light-cone effects inherent to deep observations. We also apply detailed corrections to account for known and unknown foreground contaminations, selection effects and galaxy biases. We obtain maps of residual, so far unexplained, systematic effects in the spectroscopic data of SDSS-III/BOSS. Our results show that unbiased and physically plausible models of the cosmic large scale structure can be obtained from present and next-generation galaxy surveys

Trigeminal neuralgia

AbstractTwo different clinical entities, essential or secondary neuralgia, are associated with different pathologies. The pathways of CN V comprise the cervical spine, the brainstem, the root of the nerve and the three peripheral branches: V1, V2 and V3. The lesions responsible for neuralgia are neoplastic, vascular, inflammatory, malformative or post-traumatic. The examination protocol should explore the set of CN V pathways. Neurovascular compression is the main cause of essential neuralgia. It is investigated by T2-weighted inframillimetric volume. Two conditions are necessary to diagnose a neurovascular compression: localised on the root entry zone [(REZ), 2–6mm from the emergence of the pons] and perpendicularly. In the absence of neurovascular compression, thin slices and a gadolinium injection are necessary

Personalized medicine support system : resolving conflict in allocation to risk groups and predicting patient molecular response to targeted therapy

Treatment management in cancer patients is largely based on the use of a standardized set of predictive and prognostic factors. The former are used to evaluate specific clinical interventions, and they can be useful for selecting treatments because they directly predict the response to a treatment. The latter are used to evaluate a patient’s overall outcomes, and can be used to identify the risks or recurrence of a disease. Current intelligent systems can be a solution for transferring advancements in molecular biology into practice, especially for predicting the molecular response to molecular targeted therapy and the prognosis of risk groups in cancer medicine. This framework primarily focuses on the importance of integrating domain knowledge in predictive and prognostic models for personalized treatment. Our personalized medicine support system provides the needed support in complex decisions and can be incorporated into a treatment guide for selecting molecular targeted therapies.Haneen Banjar, David Adelson, Fred Brown, and Tamara Leclerc

Development of Lumped Element Kinetic Inductance Detectors for NIKA

Lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors(LEKIDs) have recently shown considerable promise as direct absorption mm-wavelength detectors for astronomical applications. One major research thrust within the N\'eel Iram Kids Array (NIKA) collaboration has been to investigate the suitability of these detectors for deployment at the 30-meter IRAM telescope located on Pico Veleta in Spain. Compared to microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKID), using quarter wavelength resonators, the resonant circuit of a LEKID consists of a discrete inductance and capacitance coupled to a feedline. A high and constant current density distribution in the inductive part of these resonators makes them very sensitive. Due to only one metal layer on a silicon substrate, the fabrication is relatively easy. In order to optimize the LEKIDs for this application, we have recently probed a wide variety of individual resonator and array parameters through simulation and physical testing. This included determining the optimal feed-line coupling, pixel geometry, resonator distribution within an array (in order to minimize pixel cross-talk), and resonator frequency spacing. Based on these results, a 144-pixel Aluminum array was fabricated and tested in a dilution fridge with optical access, yielding an average optical NEP of ~2E-16 W/Hz^1/2 (best pixels showed NEP = 6E-17 W/Hz^1/2 under 4-8 pW loading per pixel). In October 2010 the second prototype of LEKIDs has been tested at the IRAM 30 m telescope. A new LEKID geometry for 2 polarizations will be presented. Also first optical measurements of a titanium nitride array will be discussed.Comment: 5 pages, 12 figures; ISSTT 2011 Worksho

Les effets pro-arythmiques des médicaments

RésuméLes effets pro-arythmiques des médicaments sont fréquents et graves, et sont associés à une surmortalité non négligeable. La polymédication augmente le nombre d’effets indésirables et d’interactions graves voire mortelles. Certains sont facilement évitables. Cependant, au-delà de l’allongement de l’intervalle QT, d’autres mécanismes peuvent avoir un rôle majeur comme les dysfonctions du RyR2, responsable d’arythmie calcium-dépendantes par surcharge calcique intracellulaire, avec apparition de post-dépolarisations tardives, sans modifications de l’intervalle QT. Les bloqueurs des canaux sodiques sont également un problème sérieux de part le risque de démasquer ou d’aggraver une dysfonction du canal sodique chez des patients atteints de syndrome de Brugada asymptomatique ou non. Leur dépistage à un stade précoce du développement des médicaments peut avoir un intérêt majeur.SummaryThe cardiac safety of new and marketed drugs is a major concern for public authorities, patients, physicians as well as pharmaceutical companies. Letal adverse drug reactions are indeed a leading cause of death worldwide and increase at a greater rate than the increase in total hospital admission. The increasing use of polypharmacy in current clinical practice is also associated to a growing number of side effects and interactions leading to fatal adverse events. Measurement of the QT interval is an established, albeit incomplete, approach to assess the proarrhythmic risk of a drug. Ventricular arrhythmia (VA) can be caused by a QT-prolonging drug inducing abnormal repolarization of the action potential (AP) of ventricular cardiomyocytes. Emerging evidence, derived from recent understanding of these mechanisms and of similar mechanisms reported for heart failure (HF), suggest that diastolic Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) related to RyR2 dysfunction can induce Ca2+ dependent arrhythmia. In this report, we review mechanisms underlying drug-induced arrhythmogenic effects and Ca2+ dependent arrhythmia, and, for the latter, we discuss some of the issues associated to worsening of cardiac arrhythmias

Data Fusion of Left Ventricle Electro-Anatomic Mapping and Multislice Computerized Tomography for Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy Optimization

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy is a treatment for bi-ventricular asynchronism. It can be optimized by the identification of the most effective pacing sites. The aim of this study is to provide a helpful tool to perform this identification by the fusion of electrical and anatomical information resulting from Electro-Anatomic Mapping (EAM) data and Multislice Computerized Tomography (MSCT) imaging. EAM data provide an approximation of the left ventricle (LV) 3D-surface (SEAM). Left cardiac chambers are segmented from MSCT imaging and surfaces are reconstructed (SCT). In order to represent this information in a unified framework, a three steps method is proposed: (1) the LV is separated from the left auricle on SCT providing S ′ CT; (2) a semi-automatic rigid registration method; (3) activation time delays is applied to SEAM and S ′ CT are estimated on S ′ CT from the EAM data. This method results in a graphical interface offering to clinicians means to identify abnormal electrical activity sites